The onset of diabetes of all kinds is due to the fact that glucose is not fully or partially absorbed into the human body, which leads to very unpleasant and sometimes irreversible consequences. Under normal conditions, the pancreas (PZH) automatically releases the hormone insulin into the bloodstream as soon as glucose appears in the blood and the body's cells use it to "absorb" sugar. In diabetics, this process is disrupted for a variety of reasons.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in early childhood and adolescence. The pancreas stops producing insulin because the beta cells on the "islets of Langerhans" in which it is produced die completely or partially. Sometimes type 1 clinical diabetes begins after severe viral infections, scientists say the immune system is to blame for the "failure".
Some dangerous viruses are very similar in structure to the beta cells of the pancreas, and the immune system destroys them along with the alien viruses. It is impossible to restore insulin-producing cells, so for a diabetic the only way to improve metabolism is to control lifelong blood sugar levels and deliver insulin in a timely manner.
type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood and old age. Very often it is associated with obesity, although it sometimes occurs in hereditary predisposition, as well as after taking certain drugs. Type 2 diabetes can develop against the background of chronic diseases of the pancreas or during pregnancy. Even if the pancreas of such patients produces enough insulin, it is slower than necessary. Therefore, the cells do not have time to use all the glucose and its level rises.
The second cause of glycemia in type 2 diabetes is a decrease in tissue sensitivity to the hormone insulin. Doctors call this disorder "insulin resistance. "Simply put, they lack the normal amount of it, which is associated primarily with obesity.
Gestational diabetes
One type 2 diabetes is gestational diabetes or gestational diabetes. The pregnant woman's pancreas produces a normal amount of insulin, but the sensitivity of the tissues to it is reduced due to the presence of "pregnancy hormones" in the blood. It usually occurs at 20-24 weeks and lasts until birth, after which the metabolism improves on its own. Sometimes, however, under the guise of gestational diabetes, DM 1 begins, and it also happens that DM 2 appears on the background of pregnancy, the presence of which the woman does not suspect.